Poisonings with products of oil and coal
Antifreeze – see Alcoholic poisonings and its substitutes. Benzine (kerosene). Toxic properties are bound to the narcotic action on the central excitatory system. poisonings can arise at receipt of steams of benzine in respiratory pathes, at influence on the big fields of cutaneous coverings. A toxic dose at intake of 20-50.
Symptoms. At a poisoning invoked by an aspiration of low concentrations benzine, the phenomena similar to a state of intoxication are observed: a hyperphrenia, dizziness, a nausea, vomiting, red discoloration of cutaneous coverings, sphygmus augmentation, in heavier cases an unconscious state with development of spasms and rise in temperature. At drivers at an inhaling benzine in a hose pipe it sometimes inpours into a lung that result ins to development pneumonia: quickly there are pains in a side, a short wind, cough, sharp rise in temperature. From a mouth an obvious odour of benzine. At benzine hit inside there is an abundant and repeated vomiting, a headache, pains in a gaste, a liquid chair. The augmentation of a liver and its morbidity, yellowness of scleras are sometimes marked.
Treatment. To bear the victim on fresh air, an aspiration of oxygen, artificial breath. At benzine hit inside to flush a stomach through a sonde, to yield purging, hot milk, hot-water bottles on a gaste. Antibiotics (2000000 penicillin and 1 g of streptomycin) is intramuscular, inhalations antibiotics. Cardiovascular means (camphor, caffeine). At the pneumonia phenomena – vitamin C (10 ml of solution of 5 %) are intramuscular. Alcohol, emetic means and adrenaline are counter-indicative.
Benzene. Lethal concentration in blood of 0,9 mg/l. It is quickly aspirated in lungs, a zheludochpo-intestinal path.
Symptoms: At an aspiration of steams of benzene – the excitation similar alcoholic, of a spasm, pallor of the person, mucosas of red colour, pupils are dilated. A short wind. Decrease in arterial pressure, is possible a bleeding from a nose, gums, parent bleedings, the phenomena of a paralysis of a respiratory centre. The mors can come from an apnoea and falling warm activity. At benzene reception inside there are pains in a gaste, vomiting, the phenomena of a lesion of a liver (jaundice).
Treatment. To remove the victim from dangerous region. A stomach lavage through a sonde, liquid petrolatum inside – 200 ml, salt laxative – 30 salt cake g. The forced diuresis. Operation of replacement of blood. 30 % р-р hypo – 200 ml intravenously. Oxygen inhalation. Symptomatic therapy.
Naphthalene. A lethal dose: for adults – 10 g, for children – 2 of the poisoning are possible at an aspiration of steams or a dust, at infiltration through skin, hit in a stomach.
Symptoms: a stopping state. Dispepsichesky distresses, pains in a gaste. A lesion of nephroses (squirrels in urine). The lesion of a retina of eyes is possible.
Treatment. A stomach lavage, salt laxative. Calcium chloride (10 ml of 10 % of solution), vitamin C (10 ml of 5 % solution) intravenously, in routines, Riboflavinum on 0,02 g repeatedly. Treatment of sharp renal insufficiency.