Poisonings with toxic chemicals(pesticides)
Distinguish following toxic chemicals: means for struggle against hexapods(Insecticides), means for destruction of weeds (herbicides), the drugs applied against a plant louse. Toxic chemicals, capable to invoke destruction of hexapods, microorganisms, plants, are not innoxious to the person. Show the toxic action irrespective of a path of infiltration to an organism (through a mouth, a skin or a respiratory organs).
Bond phosphorus. Use as insecticides.
poisoning symptoms. A stage 1: psychomotor excitation, reduction of a pupil to the point dimension, constraint in a chest, a short wind, wet rattles in lungs, increase of arterial pressure. A stage II: muscular twitchings, spasms, breath infringement, the involuntary chair, the speeded up defecation prevail. A coma. A stage III: respiratory insufficiency before breath dead stop, paralyses of muscles of extremities, falling of arterial pressure accrues. Infringement of a warm rhythm and conductivity of heart.
First aid. The victim is necessary for deducing or bearing immediately from venenate atmosphere. The polluted clothes to remove. A skin abundantly to flush warm water with soap. Eyes to flush 2 % warm solution of baking soda. At a poisoning through a mouth to the victim yield to drink some beakers of water better with baking soda (1 teaspoon on a water beaker), then invoke vomiting by irritation of a root of tongue. This manipulation is retried by 2-3 times then yield to drink still a half-beaker of soda solution of 2 % with addition of 1 table spoon of the activated coal. Vomiting it is possible to invoke an injection of solution of morphine of 1 %. Specific therapy make also immediately. At 1 stage, poisonings introduce atropine (2-3 ml of 0,1 %) under a skin within days to dryness of mucosas. In II stage of an injection of atropine in a vein (3 ml in 15-20 ml of solution of glucose) repeatedly to dryness of mucosas. In a clod an exhaust of mucus from the top respiratory pathes, within 2-3 days. In III stage life maintenance is possible only by means of artificial hardware breath, atropine in a vein is trickling (30-50 ml). At a collapse Noradrenalinum, etc. actions. Besides, in first two stages early introduction of antibiotics and therapy by oxygen are shown.
Chlorine bonds. Also are used as insecticides. All bonds well solve in fats and lipids, therefore collect in the excitatory cells, quench respiratory enzymes in cells. A lethal dose of santobane: 10-15
Symptoms. At poison hit on a skin there is an irritation. At inhalation receipt – irritation of a mucosa of a nasopharynx, a trachea, bronchuses. There are nasal bleedings, a pain in a throat, cough, rattles in lungs, red discoloration and a pain in eyes. At receipt in-dispepsicheskie distress, a pain in a gaste, in some hours of a myotonia of feet, unsteadiness of gait, muscular delicacy, weakening of jerks. At the big doses of a poison probably development of a coma. There can be a lesion of a liver and nephroses. The mors comes at the phenomena of sharp cardiovascular insufficiency.
First aid – is similar at a poisoning with fluorine bonds (see above). After a stomach lavage the admixture “GUM is recommended inside: 25 g of Tanninum, 50 g of absorbent coal, 25 g magnesium oxides (magnesia usta) to stir to a dough consistence. In 10-15 minutes to take over salt laxative. Treatment. Calcium gluconate (10 % solution), calcium chloride (10 % solution) 10 ml intravenously. Niacin (3 ml of solution of 1 %) under a skin repeatedly. Therapy by vitamins. At spasms – ephedrine (5 ml of 10 % of solution) it is intramuscular. The forced diuresis (an aqueous load). Treatment of sharp cardiovascular and sharp renal insufficiency.
Arsenic and its bonds. Calcium arsenate, sodium arsenite, Parisian the potherb, etc. bonds containing arsenic are applied as toxic chemicals to a chemical seed dressing and struggle against agricultural depredators, they are physiologically awake and toxicant. A lethal dose at intake of 0,06-0,2
Symptoms. After poison receipt in a stomach the gastrointestinal form of a poisoning routinely educes. In 2-8 h there is a vomiting, metal taste in a mouth, strong pains in a gaste. Emetic masses of virescent colour, the liquid frequent chair reminding rice water. There comes the sharp dehydration of an organism accompanied by spasms. Blood in urine, a jaundice, an anaemia, sharp renal insufficiency. A collapse, a coma. A breath paralysis. The mors can come in some hours.
First aid. At hit in a stomach an immediate vigorous lavage water with cloud of laxatives – magnesium Zinci sulfas (20 g on 1 l of water), emetic: to sustain vomiting by warm milk or an admixture of milk with the forced down egg whites. After a lavage inside – prepared “arsenic counterpoison” (each 10 minutes on 1 teaspoon before the vomiting termination) or 2-3 table spoons of an antidotal admixture “GUM: in 400 ml of water to dissolve to a consistence of dough of Tanninum of 25 g, 50 g of absorbent coal, 25 g of magnesium oxide – magnesia usta. In probably early terms intramuscular introduction of unithiol, replaceable blood transfusion. At sharp pains in an intestine atropine hypodermically, blockage by novocaine. Cardiovascular means under indications. Collapse treatment. A hemodialysis in the first days after a poisoning, a dialysis, the forced diuresis. Symptomatic treatment.