Poisonings with acids
In a national economy and in a life are used various concentrated and weak acids: nitrogenous, sulfuric, saline, acetic, oxalic, fluoric and a number of their admixtures (“nitrohydrochloric acid”).
The general symptoms. At an aspiration of steams of strong acids there is an irritation and a burn of eyes, mucosas of a nasopharynx, a throat, nasal bleedings, a pain in a throat, hoarseness of a voice because of a spastic stricture of a vocal cleft. Hypostases of a throat and lungs are especially dangerous. At hit of acids on a skin there are chemical burns, depth and which weight are defined by strength of acid and the burn area. At acid receipt the digestive tube is inside amazed: strong pains in an oral cavity, on an esophagus and stomach course. Repeated vomiting with a blood admixing, pishchevodpo-gastric bleedings. Significant allocation of a saliva result ining to a mechanical asphyxia (asthma) in connection with morbidity of cough and a throat hypostasis. By the end of the first days in heavy cases, especially at poisonings with an acetic essence, there is a yellowness of cutaneous coverings. Urine gets a coloration from pink to dark brown. The liver is increased and painful at a palpation. The phenomenon of a reactive peritonitis. For 2-3 days pains in a gaste accrue, stomach perforation is possible. Frequent complications are a purulent bronchitis and a pneumonia, burn, cicatricial narrowings of an esophagus and a stomach. The mors can come during the first hours at the phenomena of a burn shock.
First aid and treatment. If the poisoning has descended from an aspiration of steams, the victim is necessary for deducing from the polluted atmosphere, to rinse to drink water, soda solution. Inside – warm milk with soda or alkaline mineral water, mustard plasters on throat range. Eyes to flush and drip 1-2 drops of solution of novocaine of 2 % or 0,5 % of solution. If the poisoning has descended at poison hit inside the immediate lavage of a stomach abundant quantity of water through a sonde is necessary or in another way. Inside – milk, egg whites, starch, slimy decoctions, magnesium oxide (magnesia usta) – 1 table spoon on a water beaker to engorge ice scraps, to drink vegetable oil (100). Philosophy of symptomatic treatment after hospitalisation struggle against a pain shock. At appearance of dark urine – introduction in a vein of bicarbonate of soda, cardiovascular means, blockage. In cases of a significant loss of blood – repeated blood transfusions. Early application of massive doses of antibiotics, Hidrocortizonum. Therapy by vitamins. Means intercepting blood – it is intramuscular, calcium chloride in a vein. At a hypostasis of a throat inhalation aerosols of penicillin with ephedrine. Hunger within 2-3 days, then diet N 1а till 1,5 months.
Acid nitrogenous. Symptoms: pains and burns of lips, oral cavities, a fauces, an esophagus, a stomach. A yellow coloration slimy a mouth. Vomiting in yellowish bloody masses. Difficulty of swallowing. Morbidity and a gaste inflation. In urine of squirrels and blood. In heavy cases a collapse and consciousness loss.
First aid: a stomach lavage, magnesia usta or calcareous water in 5 minutes on 1 table spoon. Abundant drink of water, water with ice, milk (beakers), crude eggs, crude egg white, fats and oils, slimy decoctions.
Acid boric. Symptoms: vomiting and a diarrhoeia. Headaches. Pimples on a skin, beginning with the person. Decline of warm activity, a collapse.
First aid: a stomach lavage, alkaline drink. At decline of warm activity the excitanting.
Acid sulfuric.
Symptoms: burns of lips of blackish colour, slimy white and brown colour. Emetic masses of brown, chocolate colour.
First aid – see Acid nitrogenous.
Acid saline. Symptoms: burns slimy a mouth of blackish colour.
First aid – see Acid nitrogenous.
Acid an acetic, acetic essence.
Symptoms: bloody vomiting, a serovato-white coloration slimy a mouth, vinegary smell from a mouth.
First aid – see Acid nitrogenous.
Phenolums (hydroxybenzene, guaiacol). A lethal dose of hydroxybenzene: 10
Symptoms: pains behind a breast bone and in a gaste, vomiting with a blood admixing, a liquid chair. For light poisonings the dizziness, a headache, the sharp delicacy, an accruing short wind are characteristic. At heavy poisonings the coma for which narrowing of pupils is characteristic, breath infringement for phylum quickly educes mechanical asphyxia. The phenomena of a narcotic lesion of the central excitatory system prevail. In 2-3 days probably development of sharp renal insufficiency, especially at extensive burns of a skin hydroxybenzene solution. Dark urine as a result of oxidation on air of products of Phenolum excreted with it is typical. The mors comes from a paralysis of breath and falling of cardiovascular activity.
First aid. Restoration of the broken breath – an oral cavity toilet, etc. the Cautious lavage of a stomach through a sonde warm water with addition of 2 table spoons of absorbent coal or magnesia usta. Salt laxative. Fats including a castor oil, are counter-indicative! At Phenolum hit on a skin to remove the clothes adjoining to a poison, to wash a skin an olive (vegetable) oil.
Treatment. Unithiol (10 ml of solution of 5 %) are intramuscular. Hypo(100 ml of 30 % of solution) are trickling with glucose in a vein. Bilateral blockage by novocaine. Therapy by vitamins: vitamin C (10 ml of solution of 5 %) are intramuscular. The forced diuresis (an aqueous load). Cardiovascular means. Antibiotics.